Class 10 Chemistry - Chemical Reactions and Equations | Willer Academy

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Class 10 Chemistry - NCERT Supplement

Chapter 1: Chemical Reactions and Equations

Comprehensive Notes and Practice Test

Chapter 1: Chemical Reactions and Equations - Detailed Notes

1. Chemical Reactions

A chemical reaction is a process where reactants transform into products with different properties.

Key Concept: Chemical reactions involve breaking and forming of chemical bonds, leading to new substances.

2. Chemical Equations

Chemical equations represent reactions symbolically:

Reactants → Products

Example: 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O

Balanced Equation: An equation where the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of the reaction.

3. Types of Chemical Reactions

Combination

A + B → AB

Example: CaO + H₂O → Ca(OH)₂

Decomposition

AB → A + B

Example: 2H₂O → 2H₂ + O₂

Displacement

A + BC → AC + B

Example: Zn + CuSO₄ → ZnSO₄ + Cu

4. Oxidation and Reduction

Process Definition Example
Oxidation Loss of electrons or gain of oxygen 2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO
Reduction Gain of electrons or loss of oxygen CuO + H₂ → Cu + H₂O
Redox Both oxidation and reduction occur ZnO + C → Zn + CO

5. Effects of Oxidation

  • Corrosion: Gradual destruction of materials (usually metals) by chemical reactions
  • Rancidity: Oxidation of fats and oils in food leading to unpleasant smell and taste

Example: Rusting of iron: 4Fe + 3O₂ + 2xH₂O → 2Fe₂O₃·xH₂O

6. Balancing Chemical Equations

Steps to balance equations:

  1. Write the unbalanced equation
  2. Count atoms of each element on both sides
  3. Use coefficients to balance atoms
  4. Ensure all atoms are balanced

Important: Never change subscripts when balancing equations - only use coefficients.

Multiple Choice Questions (20 Questions)

Select the correct answer for each question. Each question carries 1 mark.

1. Which of the following is a chemical change?
Melting of ice
Dissolving sugar in water
Rusting of iron
Boiling of water
2. In the reaction: Zn + CuSO₄ → ZnSO₄ + Cu, which element is oxidized?
Zn
Cu
S
O
3. What is the balanced equation for: H₂ + O₂ → H₂O
H₂ + O₂ → H₂O
2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O
H₂ + 2O₂ → 2H₂O
H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O
4. Which of the following is a decomposition reaction?
CaO + H₂O → Ca(OH)₂
2H₂O → 2H₂ + O₂
Zn + H₂SO₄ → ZnSO₄ + H₂
NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H₂O

Test Progress: 0/20 questions answered

Short Answer Questions (5 Questions - 2 Marks Each)

Answer these questions in 30-50 words.

1. Why should chemical equations be balanced?
2. Define corrosion. Give an example.
3. What is a redox reaction? Give an example.
4. Write the balanced equation for: Calcium carbonate decomposes to calcium oxide and carbon dioxide.
5. What is rancidity? How can it be prevented?

Subjective Questions (5 Questions - 5 Marks Each)

Answer these questions in detail (100-150 words).

1. Explain the different types of chemical reactions with examples for each.
2. Balance the following equation: Fe + H₂O → Fe₃O₄ + H₂
3. What is the difference between displacement and double displacement reactions? Give examples.
4. Explain oxidation and reduction in terms of gain and loss of oxygen with examples.
5. Describe the process of corrosion and methods to prevent it.

Performance Feedback & Ranking

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