Willer Academy
Class 10 Chemistry - NCERT Supplement
Chapter 3: Metals and Non-metals
Comprehensive Notes and Practice Test
Chapter 3: Metals and Non-metals - Detailed Notes
1. Physical Properties
| Property | Metals | Non-metals |
|---|---|---|
| Luster | Shiny | Dull |
| Malleability | Malleable | Brittle |
| Ductility | Ductile | Not ductile |
| Conductivity | Good conductors | Poor conductors |
| State at Room Temp | Solid (except Hg) | Solid, liquid or gas |
Key Concept: Metals are electropositive elements that lose electrons to form positive ions, while non-metals are electronegative elements that gain electrons to form negative ions.
2. Chemical Properties
Metals: React with oxygen to form basic oxides, with water to form hydroxides, and with acids to form salts and hydrogen gas.
Non-metals: React with oxygen to form acidic or neutral oxides, and do not react with water or acids to produce hydrogen gas.
Example: Sodium metal reacts with water: 2Na + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂
3. Reactivity Series
(Most reactive to least reactive)
Definition: The reactivity series is a list of metals arranged in order of decreasing reactivity.
4. Extraction of Metals
Enrichment of Ore
Removing impurities from the ore
Reduction
Extracting crude metal from ore
Refining
Purifying the crude metal
5. Corrosion and Prevention
Corrosion: Gradual destruction of metals by chemical reaction with environment (e.g., rusting of iron)
Prevention methods: Painting, galvanization, alloying, electroplating
6. Alloys
Alloys are homogeneous mixtures of two or more metals, or a metal and a non-metal.
- Steel: Iron + Carbon (harder than iron)
- Brass: Copper + Zinc (decorative items)
- Bronze: Copper + Tin (statues, medals)
- Solder: Lead + Tin (low melting point)
Important: Alloying improves the properties of metals - makes them harder, less reactive, and more resistant to corrosion.
Multiple Choice Questions (20 Questions)
Select the correct answer for each question. Each question carries 1 mark.
1. Which metal is found in liquid state at room temperature?
2. The most abundant metal in the earth's crust is:
3. Which of the following metals can displace hydrogen from dilute acids?
4. Galvanization is a process used to prevent corrosion of:
Test Progress: 0/20 questions answered
Short Answer Questions (5 Questions - 2 Marks Each)
Answer these questions in 30-50 words.
1. Why is sodium kept immersed in kerosene oil?
2. What is an alloy? Give two examples.
3. Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?
4. Write the chemical equation when iron reacts with steam.
5. What is the composition of stainless steel?
Subjective Questions (5 Questions - 5 Marks Each)
Answer these questions in detail (100-150 words).
1. Explain the reactivity series of metals. How does it help in predicting the reactions of metals?
2. Describe the extraction of copper from its sulphide ore. Write balanced chemical equations.
3. Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties.
4. What is corrosion? Explain the methods to prevent corrosion of iron.
5. Explain why aluminum is a highly reactive metal, yet it is used for making utensils.
Performance Feedback & Ranking
Overall Performance Summary
You have completed the Chapter 3: Metals and Non-metals test. Here's your performance analysis:
| Section | Questions | Attempted | Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| MCQ Test | 20 | 20 | 18/20 |
| Short Answer | 5 | 5 | 9/10 |
| Subjective | 5 | 5 | 22/25 |
| Total | 30 | 30 | 49/55 |
Strengths:
- Excellent understanding of metal properties
- Strong grasp of reactivity series applications
- Good knowledge of corrosion prevention methods
Areas for Improvement:
- Need more practice with extraction processes
- Review the properties of ionic compounds
- Work on understanding alloy compositions
Recommendations:
Practice more questions on displacement reactions. Review the extraction processes for different metals. Focus on understanding the properties and uses of important alloys.
Your Performance Rank
Congratulations! Your performance is exceptional. You scored in the top 5% of Willer Academy students.
Your understanding of metals and non-metals is outstanding. Continue building on this strong foundation!
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